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However although in vitro studies
2024-10-08
However, although in vitro studies in heterologous systems have provided very important indications of potential novel pharmacology, the studies with endogenous receptors in native tissues are essential to provide evidence for GPCR heteromerization in vivo and to confirm its physiological relevance.
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When added to the culture medium extracellular ATP is
2024-10-08
When added to the culture medium, extracellular ATP is metabolized into adenosine by ectonucleotidases, and ARs are then activated by adenosine with concentrations in the micromolar range [27]. However, our study showed that activation of ARs by exogenous adenosine could not induce the odontoblastic
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br Discussion Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
2024-10-08
Discussion Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is a main threat to mankind, with one third of the world population being infected. [9] Over nine million new cases of tuberculosis and two million deaths from this disease occur yearly worldwide. [10] The rising incidence of tuberculosis over the l
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RAS2410 Interestingly a homolog of C elegans acr is present
2024-10-08
Interestingly, a homolog of C. elegans acr-23 is present in the A. suum RAS2410 (Jex et al., 2011). However, A. suum is not susceptible to monepantel treatment in vivo (Tritten et al., 2011). Our research seeks to advance knowledge on the mode of action of monepantel on nAChRs from Clade III (A. su
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br Experimental protocols br Results and discussion br Concl
2024-10-08
Experimental protocols Results and discussion Conclusion 15-LOX-1 is an important mammalian lipoxygenase which plays an important role in the biosynthesis of leukotrienes, lipoxins and other signalling molecules. These signalling molecules play a regulatory role in several respiratory disea
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We initially established using fMRI that auditory processing
2024-10-08
We initially established using fMRI that auditory processing by the caudomedial nidopallium (NCM) of male European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) of species-specific aspects of songs (whistles and warblings i.e. high-pitched trills coming from the end of the warbling that are found in the repertoire o
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BAY 41-2272 Compound was synthesized by reacting amino metho
2024-10-08
Compound 31 was synthesized by reacting 5-amino-2-methoxybenzoate (28) with ethanesulfonyl chloride in the presence of pyridine in DCM to give sulfonamide 29. Hydrolysis of 29 by aqueous sodium hydroxide afforded the BAY 41-2272 30 which was converted to the acid chloride by heating in thionyl chlor
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br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion Diabetic k
2024-10-08
Materials and methods Results Discussion Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease [15], [16]. The pathogenesis of DKD is not fully understood, and there is no effective treatment. Although previous studies suggested that early lesions of DKD are foun
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In this paper we described synthesis
2024-10-01
In this paper, we described synthesis, biological evaluation and docking study of 3-aroyl-1-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)thiourea derivatives 4a–o as 15-lipoxygenase inhibitors. Results and discussion Conclusion We designed and synthesized a novel of thiourea derivatives containing phenylsulfonamide mo
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In our bioinformatics analysis of proteins with increased
2024-10-01
In our bioinformatics analysis of proteins with increased SUMOylation upon treatment with MMC and HU, we found clusters of co-regulated proteins that are known to function together in the RS response. In addition to the ATR activation proteins, BRCA1 and BARD1, we also found Fanconi anemia proteins
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br Mechanisms of GPCR internalization Like for other
2024-10-01
Mechanisms of GPCR internalization Like for other types of receptors, prolonged agonist stimulation often leads to GPCR internalization, which can occur via different pathways ∗[2], [20], [21], [22], [23]. Of these pathways, clathrin-mediated DY131 australia (CME) is the best characterized and a
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Since ARBs strongly reduce inflammation it was hypothesized
2024-10-01
Since ARBs strongly reduce inflammation, it was hypothesized that the protective effects on cognition were the result of reduction of inflammation and amelioration of neurogenic decrease. However, ARB treatment did not normalize increased inflammation and neurogenic loss. For this reason, the protec
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Here we provide evidence that NO contributes
2024-10-01
Here, we provide evidence that NO contributes to changes in synaptic strength, but also offer an explanation as to why previous attempts to link NO to LTP have often failed. Our results describe a model by which cycling AMPARs, held in intracellular pools, are rapidly delivered to the membrane surfa
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Since forskolin is known to act directly at the
2024-09-30
Since forskolin is known to act directly at the catalytic site of adenylate cyclases near the ATP binding (Tesmer et al., 1997), the synergistic and/or permissive effect of gonadotropins on FSK activity must occur at the level of AC itself or very near, at the level of one of its direct partner. The
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Pioneering studies on the immunomodulatory role
2024-09-30
Pioneering studies on the immunomodulatory role of adenosine date back to the early ‘70 s of last century (Fig. 1), when the critical role of this nucleoside in shaping the development and the activity of several immune cell populations was first established [[18], [19], [20], [21], [22]]. This then
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